Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Severe Preeclampsia: A Retrospective Observational Study at a Tertiary Care Centre

Background: Severe preeclampsia is a major hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and an important cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Despite advances in obstetric care, it continues to contribute significantly to adverse fetomaternal outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with severe preeclampsia at a tertiary care centre.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SVS Medical College and Hospital, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India. Hospital records of women diagnosed with severe preeclampsia who delivered between September 2025 and February 2026 were reviewed. Maternal demographic characteristics, obstetric profile, maternal complications, and perinatal outcomes were analysed. A total of 50 women with severe preeclampsia were included in the study.

Results: Most women belonged to the 21–30 years age group (78%) and were primigravidae (68%). Severe preeclampsia was most commonly diagnosed at 34–35 weeks of gestation (52%). Maternal complications were observed in 15 patients, with placental abruption being the most common complication (40%), followed by eclampsia (26.7%). Adverse perinatal outcomes were observed in 28 cases, with intrauterine fetal death being the most frequent outcome (25%). Fetal growth restriction and respiratory distress syndrome each accounted for 21.4% of perinatal complications. The overall perinatal mortality was 24%.

Conclusion: Severe preeclampsia is associated with considerable maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Placental abruption was the most common maternal complication, while intrauterine fetal death was the most frequent adverse perinatal outcome. Early diagnosis, vigilant antenatal surveillance, timely referral, and appropriate management at tertiary care centres are essential for improving fetomaternal outcomes.